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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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[Vestibular cortex and vestibular agnosia].

Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova·2026
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model
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[Headache in cerebrovascular diseases].

R G Esin1, E A Gorobets1, Yu V Laykova1

  • 1Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|April 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Headache can signal serious cerebrovascular diseases. This review details headache features linked to stroke, hemorrhage, and vascular disorders, aiding clinical suspicion and diagnosis.

Keywords:
cerebrovascular diseasescognitive functionsheadache

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Neurology
  • Diagnostic Neurology

Background:

  • Headache is a frequent symptom in patients with cerebrovascular diseases.
  • Accurate diagnosis of cerebrovascular conditions relies on understanding headache characteristics.
  • The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) provides a framework for classifying headache disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical features of headaches associated with acute or chronic cerebrovascular diseases.
  • To focus on headaches attributed to cranial or cervical vascular disorders as defined by the ICHD-3.
  • To enhance clinical suspicion and diagnostic accuracy for cerebrovascular events presenting with headache.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted, covering a 20-year search depth.
  • The review focused on the 'Headache attributed to cranial or cervical vascular disorder' section of the ICHD-3 (2018).
  • Clinical features of headaches associated with various cerebrovascular conditions were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Headaches manifest differently depending on the underlying cerebrovascular cause, including ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, arteritis, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.
  • Specific headache patterns are associated with transient ischemic attacks, unruptured aneurysms, cervical artery dissection, and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome.
  • Non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage and genetic vasculopathies also present with distinct headache characteristics.
  • The assessment of headache in patients with cognitive impairment presents unique challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Headache is a critical diagnostic clue for a wide spectrum of cerebrovascular diseases.
  • Recognizing specific headache features is essential for timely diagnosis and management of cerebrovascular disorders.
  • Further research into headache presentation in diverse cerebrovascular conditions, including in cognitively impaired patients, is warranted.