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Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
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Breaking mechanical dark mode via the Coulomb interaction.

Jian-Song Zhang, Yuan Chen, Guang-Ling Cheng

    Optics Letters
    |April 15, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers developed a method using Coulomb interaction to break the dark mode in degenerate mechanical resonators (MRs), enabling ground-state cooling and generating robust mechanical squeezing and entanglement in optomechanical systems.

    Area of Science:

    • Quantum optics
    • Optomechanics
    • Quantum information science

    Background:

    • Optomechanical systems with degenerate mechanical resonators (MRs) often exhibit a 'dark mode' that hinders ground-state cooling.
    • Achieving ground-state cooling is crucial for precise quantum measurements and exploring quantum phenomena.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a method for breaking the dark mode in degenerate MRs.
    • To achieve simultaneous ground-state cooling of two degenerate MRs.
    • To generate robust mechanical squeezing and entanglement in optomechanical systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing the Coulomb interaction between degenerate MRs.
    • Employing an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) for cooling beyond the resolved sideband regime.

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  • Leveraging mechanical parametric amplification (MPA) induced by the Coulomb interaction.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful breaking of the dark mode, allowing simultaneous ground-state cooling of two degenerate MRs.
    • Generation of strong and robust mechanical squeezing exceeding 3 dB.
    • Demonstration of robust bipartite and genuine tripartite entanglement.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed method effectively overcomes the dark mode limitation in degenerate optomechanical systems.
    • Coulomb interaction is a viable tool for enhancing cooling, squeezing, and entanglement generation.
    • This work paves the way for advanced quantum information processing using optomechanical devices.