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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty
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Methamphetamine Use Among Older Adults Living With HIV: A Qualitative Study.

Benjamin H Han, Wayne E Kepner, Annie L Nguyen

    Journal of Addiction Medicine
    |April 15, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    Older adults living with HIV who use methamphetamine shift motivations with age, often using it for daily activities or to cope with isolation. Many lack knowledge of harm reduction strategies to prevent overdose.

    Keywords:
    HIVgeriatricsmethamphetamine

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    An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
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    Area of Science:

    • Gerontology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Substance Use Disorders

    Background:

    • Methamphetamine use complicates chronic disease management and health outcomes.
    • Older adults living with HIV face unique challenges integrating substance use with aging and comorbidities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore motivations and perceived risks of methamphetamine use among older adults with HIV.
    • To understand the impact of methamphetamine use on chronic disease management in this population.
    • To assess awareness of harm reduction interventions for methamphetamine use.

    Main Methods:

    • Qualitative study involving 20 semi-structured interviews with adults aged 50+ living with HIV and recent methamphetamine use.
    • Interviews explored reasons for use, perceived benefits/harms, impact on chronic disease, and knowledge of harm reduction.
    • Systematic coding and thematic analysis of transcribed interviews.

    Main Results:

    • Participants (mean age 60) used methamphetamine for daily activities, symptom management, or isolation, a shift from earlier motivations.
    • Users experienced more negative consequences with less perceived benefit and difficulty reducing use.
    • Limited knowledge of overdose risks and harm reduction interventions was reported.

    Conclusions:

    • Older adults with HIV using methamphetamine exhibit evolving motivations for use.
    • This population often does not access treatment or harm reduction services, increasing overdose risk.