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Probing universal phase diagram of dimensional crossover with an atomic quantum simulator
Jinyuan Tian1, Zhongcheng Yu1, Jing Liu2,3
1State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Nature Communications
|April 15, 2026
Summary
Researchers created a tunable quantum simulator to map the universal phase diagram of dimensional crossover. They discovered novel thermal regimes and five distinct quantum-to-thermal transition universality classes, advancing condensed matter physics in unconventional dimensions.
Area of Science:
- Quantum physics
- Condensed matter physics
- Statistical physics
Background:
- Dimensionality is a fundamental concept in physics, influencing diverse fields.
- Reducing dimensionality in quantum systems enhances fluctuations and novel properties.
- Controlled dimensionality in quantum simulators is a growing research area, yet a universal phase diagram is missing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To produce an interacting atomic quantum simulator with tunable anisotropy and temperature.
- To probe the universal phase diagram of dimensional crossover.
- To identify quantum and thermal regimes and their transitions.
Main Methods:
- Utilized an interacting atomic quantum simulator.
- Continuously tuned anisotropy and temperature.
- Identified quantum and thermal regimes and characterized transitions.
Main Results:
- Identified quantum regimes from 3D to 0D at low temperatures.
- Observed the emergence of a thermal regime between quantum 0D and integer dimensions with increasing temperature.
- Characterized five distinct universality classes for the quantum-to-thermal transition, including a novel fifth type.
Conclusions:
- The study provides a universal phase diagram for dimensional crossover in quantum systems.
- Results offer a foundation for understanding condensed matter structures in unconventional dimensions.
- Discovered novel thermal regimes and transition classes, expanding quantum simulation capabilities.
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