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Omics Sciences: Driving the Conservation and Characterization of Plant Genetic Resources
María Isabel Iñiguez-Luna1, Lorena Jacqueline Gómez-Godínez2, Jorge David Cadena-Zamudio3,4
1Grupo Interdisciplinario de Investigación en Sechium edule en México, Texcoco, Estado de Mexico, Mexico.
Abstract:
Omics sciences have revolutionized the conservation and characterization of plant genetic resources by enabling a comprehensive understanding of genetic diversity, molecular mechanisms, and adaptive traits. Advances in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics have facilitated the identification of genes and metabolic pathways associated with stress tolerance, nutritional value, and agronomic performance. These technologies have enhanced the efficiency of germplasm banks by improving genetic resource characterization, optimizing conservation strategies, and accelerating breeding programs for climate-resilient crops. Additionally, omics approaches contribute to biodiversity conservation by revealing evolutionary relationships, ecosystem dynamics, and the functional roles of microbial communities in plant health. The integration of multi-omics data with bioinformatics and artificial intelligence further enhances predictive capabilities, enabling targeted conservation and breeding efforts. This review highlights the pivotal role of omics sciences in securing plant genetic resources for sustainable agriculture and global food security.
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