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Does Electrical Stimulation Therapy Influence Synkinesis in Facial Paralysis? A Systematic Review.

Hänel W Eberly1, Marly Aziz2, F Jeffrey Lorenz3

  • 1Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA.

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Summary

Electrical stimulation (ES) for facial paralysis (FP) may improve function but its impact on synkinesis is debated. Current evidence suggests potential benefits without significantly increasing synkinesis, warranting further research.

Keywords:
electrical stimulationfacial paralysissynkinesis

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Facial paralysis (FP) presents significant aesthetic, social, and functional challenges.
  • Electrical stimulation (ES) is a potential therapeutic modality for peripheral nerve injuries, including FP.
  • Concerns exist regarding ES potentially exacerbating synkinesis in FP patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on the incidence and severity of synkinesis in facial paralysis patients undergoing electrical stimulation.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ES as a treatment for facial paralysis, with a specific focus on synkinesis outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was performed across Medline/PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases.
  • Studies were included if they assessed synkinesis incidence or severity following ES in FP patients.
  • Data extracted included patient demographics, ES parameters, FP etiology, synkinesis outcomes, and treatment duration.

Main Results:

  • Six studies involving 243 patients met the inclusion criteria.
  • Bell's palsy and iatrogenic nerve injury were the most common etiologies of FP.
  • Three out of five studies reported no significant difference in synkinesis scores between ES and control groups; one study indicated reduced synkinesis with ES.

Conclusions:

  • Electrical stimulation may offer benefits for overall facial function in FP patients.
  • The current evidence on ES and synkinesis in FP is inconsistent, highlighting the need for standardized outcome measures.
  • Further research is required to clarify the role of ES in managing facial paralysis and its effect on synkinesis.