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Electrolyte Engineering for Phosphorus-Based Anodes in Secondary Ion Batteries: From Liquid Solvation to Solid-State
Hui Ding1, Shuya Liu2, Wensheng Yang1,3
1State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China.
Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|April 16, 2026
Summary
Electrolyte engineering is key to unlocking phosphorus anodes for high-capacity lithium- and sodium-ion batteries. Strategies like solid electrolyte interphases and solid-state batteries overcome stability issues for practical energy storage.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Energy Storage
Background:
- Phosphorus anodes offer high capacity for Li- and Na-ion batteries.
- Challenges include volume expansion, unstable interfaces, and dissolution, hindering practical use.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review electrolyte engineering as a strategy for phosphorus anodes.
- To explore methods for overcoming key challenges in phosphorus-based batteries.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of liquid electrolyte design principles (weakly solvating, localized high-concentration, multi-anion coordination).
- Investigation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation.
- Evaluation of all-solid-state battery approaches.
Main Results:
- Electrolyte design enables robust, anion-derived SEIs to suppress shuttling and improve ion transport.
- All-solid-state batteries offer a route to enhanced interfacial stability and safety.
- Synergistic electrolyte and electrode design is crucial.
Conclusions:
- Electrolyte engineering is a decisive strategy for practical phosphorus anodes.
- All-solid-state batteries provide a deterministic solution for interfacial and safety concerns.
- This review offers a framework for developing high-energy-density phosphorus batteries.
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