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Cosmetic Interventions for Skin Microbiome Modulation: Current Strategies and Future Directions.

Raquel Taléns-Visconti¹, Octavio Diez-Sales¹, Amparo Nácher¹

¹Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.

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Summary

Cosmetics can impact skin microbiome balance. While most conventional products are safe, "microbiome-friendly" options show promise for skin health and managing disorders, though more research is needed.

Keywords:

cutaneous dysbiosis inflammatory skin diseases microbiome–friendly cosmetics probiotics/prebiotics/postbiotics/paraprobiotics skin barrier skin microbiome

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Area of Science:

Dermatology and Microbiology
Cosmetic Science

Background:

The human skin microbiome is crucial for barrier function and homeostasis.
Microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) is linked to skin conditions like atopic dermatitis and acne.
The role of cosmetics in modulating skin microbiota is an emerging area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically review the impact of cosmetic products on the skin microbiota.
To differentiate between conventional and microbiome-targeted (

Main Methods:

Narrative review synthesizing clinical, microbiological, and mechanistic studies.
Database searches up to January 2026 for peer-reviewed literature.
Emphasis on human clinical trials and systematic analyses of skin microbiome and cosmetics.

Main Results:

Properly formulated conventional cosmetics generally do not cause significant dysbiosis in healthy skin.
Advanced formulations with probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and paraprobiotics show early promise for skin health benefits.
Limited evidence exists due to study design heterogeneity, small sample sizes, and lack of standardized "microbiome-friendly" criteria.

Conclusions:

Informed cosmetic choices can support skin microbiome balance as part of a comprehensive skin health strategy.
Microbiome-friendly cosmetics may play a role in both preventing and treating skin disorders.
A dynamic understanding of the skin microbiome is essential for improving human skin health.