Lung cancer diagnosis from CT scans using artificial intelligence techniques: A global perspective

In this research, we conducted a systematic review of artificial intelligence techniques used for the diagnosis of lung cancer.

A systematic search of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Epistemonikos, Cochrane, Medline, and Embase databases was carried out, containing the literature published up to June 2025. Prediction model risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST) was used to evaluate the risk of bias and applicability of the diagnostic model studies included in the current research.

204 studies were included. The included articles utilized various AI techniques, including CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), SVM (Support Vector Machine), RF (Random Forest), KNN (K-Nearest Neighbor), PM-DL (Pattern Matching combined with Deep Learning), ANN (Artificial Neural Network), DNN (Deep Neural Network), CDNs (Convolutional Dense Networks), DLS (Deep Learning System), LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), NNE (Neural Network Ensemble), and LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis). The CNN model appears to be the most commonly used model in the papers. It was observed that applying deep learning models to preprocessed and augmented medical images led to improved performance metrics, including AUC, sensitivity, and accuracy. The accuracy of artificial intelligence techniques ranged from 68.4 to 100, while the sensitivity varied from 50.0 to 100. The specificity of the artificial intelligence techniques ranged from 50.0 to 100. The AUC of the artificial intelligence techniques ranged from 61.0 % to 100 %, while the recall varied from 75.0 to 99.82.

This research accentuates the potential of artificial intelligence techniques in the diagnosis and detection of lung cancer, with diverse levels of diagnostic accuracy. Additional research is required to optimize these artificial intelligence techniques, as well as to ascertain their clinical relevance and appropriateness in real-world clinical applicability.