Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint - Part II: Pathologies and Imaging Findings

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Radiology
• Sports Medicine

Background:

• Thumb metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) pathologies are common in athletes and the general population.
• Early and accurate diagnosis of MCPJ injuries is critical to prevent joint instability, osteoarthritis, and functional impairment.
• Delayed or missed diagnoses can lead to significant long-term complications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review pathologies of the thumb MCPJ and their corresponding imaging findings.
• To detail injury mechanisms and the role of various imaging modalities in diagnosis.
• To provide practical recommendations for the clinical application of imaging findings in patient care.

Main Methods:

• Review of imaging modalities including static/dynamic radiographs, fluoroscopy, CT, CBCT, high-resolution dynamic ultrasound (US), and high-resolution MRI.
• Description of injury mechanisms for diverse thumb MCPJ conditions.
• Emphasis on the role of imaging in evaluating ligament injuries, trigger thumb, dislocations, osteoarthritis, fractures, and tumors.

Main Results:

• Ultrasound is preferred for soft tissue assessment, including trigger thumb and pulley system lesions.
• MRI offers comprehensive visualization of all anatomical structures with excellent spatial resolution.
• Radiographs, CT, and CBCT are valuable for osseous structure analysis and fractures.

Conclusions:

• Precise imaging is crucial for timely and effective management of thumb MCPJ pathologies.
• Early evaluation of collateral ligament injuries ensures joint stability.
• Appropriate imaging guidance prevents long-term complications like instability and osteoarthritis.