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High-strength liquid metal composite-hydrogel interfaces enable robust stretchable electronics.

Bingqian Jiao1, Wei Wang2, Yang Feng1

  • 1School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China.

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|April 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel printing strategy for robust liquid metal conductors in wearable electronics. This method enhances adhesion and prevents leakage, ensuring stable performance in stretchable devices and soft robotics.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Stretchable conductors are crucial for advanced wearable electronics and soft robotics.
  • Liquid metal conductors offer flexibility but face challenges with substrate adhesion and leakage under stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a universal strategy for fabricating robust liquid metal-based conductors with improved interfacial adhesion.
  • To enhance the electromechanical stability and durability of liquid metal conductors for demanding applications.

Main Methods:

  • A universal interface-fusion printing strategy was employed to create metal-particle semi-embedded hydrogels.
  • This method anchors interconnected liquid metal and silver particles at the hydrogel surface via cross-interfacial assembly.

Main Results:

  • The composite layer achieved high interfacial adhesion (234.4 kPa) and conductivity (1.18 × 10^6 S m^-1).
  • The robust interface prevented liquid metal leakage under extreme conditions like ultrasonication, high impacts, and repeated stretching.
  • The strategy successfully integrated circuits and substrates into a unified structure.

Conclusions:

  • The interface-fusion printing strategy offers a simple, scalable method for fabricating high-resolution, durable stretchable conductors.
  • This approach enables reliable performance in diverse applications, including stretchable circuits, on-skin biosensors, and underwater soft robots.