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Related Concept Videos

Brainstem01:19

Brainstem

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The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
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The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
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The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
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Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla01:21

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The medulla oblongata is a crucial part of the brainstem responsible for controlling various autonomic and involuntary functions. It contains several nuclei, including the olivary, cuneate, gracile, and solitary nuclei.
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The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
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Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
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Structure-function coupling in the human brainstem.

Asa Farahani1, Subhranil Koley2,3, Justine Y Hansen4

  • 1Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.

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|April 17, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study maps brainstem nuclei connections to the cortex using high-resolution MRI, revealing their role in sensory, motor, and cognitive functions. Brainstem structure-function coupling influences overall brain organization.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Connectomics

Background:

  • Brainstem nuclei are crucial for modulating central nervous system activity.
  • Brainstem nuclei are typically excluded from brain connectome reconstructions due to imaging challenges.
  • The impact of brainstem nuclei on brain structure-function coupling remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconstruct structural and functional brain connectomes that include brainstem nuclei.
  • To investigate the relationship between brainstem nuclei and cortical structures.
  • To understand how brainstem nuclei influence structure-function coupling across the brain.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-resolution 7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • Reconstructed structural and functional connectomes encompassing the cortex and 58 brainstem nuclei (midbrain, pons, medulla).
  • Analyzed structural connectional profiles and their correlation with functional connectivity.

Main Results:

  • Identified structural connectional profiles of brainstem nuclei to the cortex, aligning with sensory, motor, and cognitive functions.
  • Demonstrated a positive correlation between structural and functional connectivity in brainstem-augmented connectomes.
  • Found heterogeneous structure-function coupling across brainstem nuclei, with highest coupling in modulatory and relay nuclei.

Conclusions:

  • This work provides an initial framework for understanding the brainstem's influence on brain-wide structure-function relationships.
  • The findings highlight the importance of including brainstem nuclei in connectomic studies.
  • Brainstem nuclei play a significant role in shaping cognitive and sensory-motor functions through their connectivity patterns.