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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Digital twins (instrumentation DTs) for PET and SPECT systems offer advanced optimization for calibration, maintenance, and design. Further development requires standardized frameworks for improved performance and next-generation scanner prototyping.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Medical Imaging Physics
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Digital twins (DTs) are physics-based models replicating PET and SPECT systems.
  • Instrumentation DTs (iDTs) assess detector performance, electronics, and acquisition conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments in PET and SPECT iDTs.
  • To evaluate the role of iDTs in nuclear medicine system optimization.

Main Methods:

  • Structured literature review of iDT applications.
  • Categorization of applications into 6 domains (calibration, maintenance, corrections, benchmarking, AI training, design).
  • Focus on integrated detector and system models in data-linked workflows.

Main Results:

  • iDTs facilitate virtual calibration, protocol assessment, and algorithm benchmarking.
  • iDTs can simulate hardware failures and explore geometry/dose trade-offs.
  • Current iDTs are fragmented, vendor-dependent, with limited telemetry and validation.

Conclusions:

  • Future iDTs need modular, standardized frameworks with hardware realism and hybrid AI-physics.
  • Developed iDTs can enhance calibration, adaptive protocols, fault detection, dose optimization, and virtual prototyping.