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Control of Cell Adhesion using Hydrogel Patterning Techniques for Applications in Traction Force Microscopy
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Lignin-Based Surface Adhesion Engineering Enables Tough Hydrogel for Flexible Epidermal Array Sensing.

Oudong Hu1, Pang Zhu1, MinKun Cai1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China.

ACS Sensors
|April 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new biomimetic hydrogel using modified lignin for enhanced adhesion in wearable electronics. This tough, biocompatible material improves skin attachment and signal stability for epidermal electrodes.

Keywords:
adhesive hydrogelbiomimetic constructionepidermal sensing arrayhybrid bioelectrodesustainable lignin

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Wearable Electronics

Background:

  • Biocompatible adhesive hydrogels are crucial for stable wearable electronics.
  • Existing hydrogels suffer from a trade-off between adhesion and cohesion, limiting performance.
  • Lignin-based hydrogels face challenges with mechanical deterioration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer tough, adhesive hydrogels for wearable epidermal electrodes.
  • To overcome the limitations of conventional lignin-doped hydrogels.
  • To improve interfacial adhesion and cohesion for enhanced device stability.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a catechol lignin-based surface adhesion engineering strategy.
  • Fabricated hydrogels via in situ modification of lignin for surface binding.
  • Utilized hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions for stable lignin attachment.

Main Results:

  • Achieved significantly enhanced interfacial toughness (778 J·m⁻² on skin, 290 J·m⁻² on elastomer).
  • Demonstrated 9.4- and 18.6-fold improvements over unmodified hydrogels.
  • Developed a hydrogel-elastomer hybrid bioelectrode with superior electromyography (EMG) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

Conclusions:

  • The catechol lignin surface engineering strategy creates robust, biomimetic adhesive hydrogels.
  • The fabricated hydrogels offer superior adhesion and mechanical stability for epidermal electrodes.
  • This approach advances the application of wearable electronics by ensuring stable physiological signal monitoring.