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Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model

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Published on: April 6, 2022

Improving immunotherapy in solid tumors using FMT.

Diwakar Davar¹, Hassane M Zarour², Georgio Trinchieri³

¹Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

|April 17, 2026

Summary

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) boosts cancer immunotherapy effectiveness in kidney, skin, and lung cancers. This microbiome modulation enhances immune response and offers a promising therapeutic strategy.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Microbiome Research
Immunotherapy

Background:

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are crucial in cancer treatment.
Variability in ICI efficacy necessitates novel therapeutic approaches.
The gut microbiome's role in modulating immune responses is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in enhancing first-line ICI therapy.
To explore the mechanisms underlying FMT's impact on cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

Analysis of recent clinical trials investigating FMT combined with ICIs.
Assessment of treatment outcomes, including efficacy and safety profiles.
Investigation of microbiome composition and host immune responses.

Main Results:

FMT significantly enhances ICI efficacy in renal cell carcinoma, cutaneous melanoma, and non-small cell lung cancer.
FMT demonstrates an acceptable safety profile when used with first-line ICIs.
Observed benefits are linked to microbiome remodeling and immunometabolic modulation.

Conclusions:

Fecal microbiota transplantation is a viable strategy to improve first-line cancer immunotherapy outcomes.
Microbiome-directed therapies hold significant potential for advancing cancer treatment.
Targeting the gut microbiome can overcome resistance and enhance responses to ICIs.