Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Role of Amygdala in Memory01:16

Role of Amygdala in Memory

1.8K
The amygdala is a small, almond-shaped structure responsible for processing and storing memories, particularly those linked to emotions like fear and stress. It plays an essential role in the brain's response to emotionally significant events and often enhances memory formation by triggering stress hormone release. The amygdala is vital for encoding and retrieving memories associated with fear or stress, a process that is adaptive by helping organisms avoid dangerous situations.
One of the...
1.8K
Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

9.5K
The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
9.5K
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

8.1K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
8.1K
The Influence of Cognition on Affect01:29

The Influence of Cognition on Affect

312
Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be...
312
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

7.8K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
7.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Retrograde transduction of dopaminergic cells in substantia nigra of the rhesus monkey.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Spatiotemporal Decoding of Explore-Exploit Decisions in the Human Brain.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Diet-induced metabolic and faecal microbiome responses in pet dogs fed a minimally processed versus extruded kibble diet.

Frontiers in veterinary science·2026
Same author

Environmentally-induced sperm RNAs shape placentation and fetal growth.

Research square·2026
Same author

Challenges with the diagnosis of aortic dissection: two case studies.

CJEM·2026
Same author

Herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis in critically ill adults: A retrospective analysis of EURECA and Herpetics cohort studies.

Critical care (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Dynamic coordination and segregation mechanisms in higher cortex for parallel task processing.

Neuron·2026
Same journal

Higher-order thalamic bursts are drivers of attention control.

Neuron·2026
Same journal

Composing trajectories for rapid inference of navigational goals.

Neuron·2026
Same journal

Peri-head distance coding in the mouse brainstem.

Neuron·2026
Same journal

A two-timepoint framework for sensitive and specific single-cell activity screening.

Neuron·2026
Same journal

From first impressions to bonds: The neural dynamics of social relationships.

Neuron·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

12.5K

Risk reshapes amygdala representation of choice.

Patrick T Piantadosi1, Kendall M Coden1, Hyesun Choi1

  • 1Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Neuron
|April 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Behavioral flexibility allows animals to avoid punishment. Researchers discovered that the basolateral amygdala (BLA) dynamically reshapes neural representations to guide choices when facing risky rewards, revealing crucial brain mechanisms for adaptive behavior.

Keywords:
anxietycalcium imagingchoiceconflictdecision-makingnucleus accumbensoptogeneticspunishmentrisksequencing

More Related Videos

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI
12:51

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI

Published on: October 6, 2011

13.7K
Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

15.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

12.5K
Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI
12:51

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI

Published on: October 6, 2011

13.7K
Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

15.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Biology
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Adaptive behavior requires modifying actions based on environmental changes, such as avoiding punishment.
  • Understanding the neural basis of decision-making under risk is crucial for explaining behavioral flexibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural mechanisms in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) that mediate behavioral adjustments in response to punishment risk.
  • To elucidate how BLA activity patterns change during choice selection between safe and risky reward options.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo cellular-resolution calcium imaging in male mice.
  • Optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulation of neural activity.
  • Behavioral assays measuring reward choice under punishment risk.

Main Results:

  • Punishment risk significantly altered choice behavior, favoring safe over risky rewards.
  • BLA neural representations were dynamically reshaped by punishment risk.
  • Specific BLA neuronal ensembles were reactivated during the execution or abortion of risky choices.
  • Newly encoding BLA neurons incorporated into pre-choice representations predicted avoidance of risky options.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic reshaping of choice-related BLA representations is essential for behavioral flexibility when facing risk.
  • The BLA plays a causal role in integrating punishment risk into decision-making processes.
  • These findings offer insights into the neural underpinnings of adaptive decision-making under uncertainty.