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Updated: Apr 19, 2026
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Transversal Logical Clifford Gates on the Rotated Surface Code with Reconfigurable Neutral Atom Arrays
Zi-Han Chen1, Ming-Cheng Chen1, Chao-Yang Lu1
1University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Physical Sciences, Hefei 230026, China, Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Shanghai 201315, China, and Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China.
Physical Review Letters
|April 17, 2026
Summary
We developed hardware-efficient methods for implementing logical gates on neutral atom arrays. Our novel protocols embed operations within syndrome extraction rounds, improving efficiency for quantum computing.
Area of Science:
- Quantum computing
- Quantum error correction
- Neutral atom arrays
Background:
- Implementing logical gates is crucial for fault-tolerant quantum computation.
- Surface codes are promising for quantum error correction but require efficient gate implementations.
- Neutral atom arrays offer a scalable platform for quantum information processing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose hardware-efficient schemes for transversal logical h and s gates on the rotated surface code.
- To leverage the unique capabilities of reconfigurable neutral atom arrays for improved gate implementation.
- To develop protocols that integrate gate operations within existing error correction cycles.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing the time dynamics of data and ancilla qubits during syndrome extraction (SE) for logical s gates.
- Embedding fold-transversal logical operations within a single SE round by morphing qubit states.
- Developing efficient code patch rotation strategies using acousto-optic deflectors for logical h gates.
Main Results:
- Demonstrated a novel protocol for logical s gates with performance comparable to quantum memory under circuit noise.
- Proposed a new transversal logical h gate protocol reducing hardware requirements.
- Achieved a complete transversal logical Clifford gate set on the rotated surface code.
Conclusions:
- The proposed schemes enable efficient implementation of transversal logical gates on neutral atom arrays.
- These advancements contribute to the development of fault-tolerant quantum computers.
- The integration of gate operations within SE rounds offers a significant advantage for scalable quantum computing.
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