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Enteral Nutrition: What Happened to Immune-Enhancing Diets?
Chavi Rehani1, Stacy Pelekhaty2, Rosemary A Kozar3
1Shock Trauma Anesthesia Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Abstract:
Immunonutrition, once thought to reduce infections in critically ill patients, faced scrutiny in the early 2000s following large trials that showed limited benefits and potential harm, particularly from formulas supplemented with arginine and glutamine. Newer evidence on immune-enhancing diets (IEDs) has prompted a shift toward individualized, precision-based nutrition strategies. Omega-3 fatty acids remain promising, especially in patients with traumatic brain injury or critical illness-induced muscle-wasting. Current guidelines recommend selective use of IEDs, such as in patients with cancer or chronic inflammatory conditions.
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