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Updated: Apr 20, 2026

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Correction: Sharper vision, steady hands: can robots improve subretinal drug delivery? Systematic review

Paweł Marek Łajczak1, Zbigniew Nawrat2,3

  • 1Zbigniew Religa Student Scientific Club at Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 18, 40-043, Zabrze, Poland. pawel.lajczak03@gmail.com.

Journal of Robotic Surgery
|April 18, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

No abstract available in PubMed .

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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

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Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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