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Rural Georgia faces significant shortages in pulmonary subspecialty care, including pulmonology, pulmonary critical care medicine (PCCM), and sleep medicine. Access is limited, with fewer physicians and greater travel burdens in nonmetropolitan areas.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Healthcare Access
  • Rural Health Disparities

Background:

  • Healthcare disparities between rural and urban populations are known.
  • Access to specialized pulmonary care in rural areas is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify rural-urban disparities in access to pulmonology, pulmonary critical care medicine (PCCM), and sleep medicine physicians in Georgia.
  • To analyze physician density and travel burden in metropolitan versus nonmetropolitan counties.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Georgia Composite Medical Board's 2024 Physician Workforce Database.
  • Classified counties using Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (metropolitan: 1-3, nonmetropolitan: 4-9).
  • Calculated physician density per 100,000 residents and travel burden to the nearest physician.

Main Results:

  • Georgia has a limited number of pulmonary subspecialists (122 pulmonologists, 204 PCCM, 49 sleep medicine).
  • Nonmetropolitan counties have significantly lower physician densities across all subspecialties (e.g., 0.20 pulmonologists/100,000 residents vs. 0.67 in metropolitan).
  • Travel burden to the nearest specialist is substantially higher in nonmetropolitan areas (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Significant rural-urban disparities exist in access to pulmonary subspecialty care in Georgia.
  • Rural counties experience severe shortages of pulmonologists, PCCM, and sleep medicine physicians.
  • These findings highlight critical access issues for rural populations needing specialized respiratory care.