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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

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Size effect and excess surface energy conversion in bubble coalescence dynamics.

Jinfeng Li1, Yonglu She1, Tengfei Nie1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|April 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bubble size significantly impacts detachment after coalescence, crucial for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Surface energy conversion efficiency, vital for detachment, decreases with increasing bubble size mismatch.

Keywords:
Coalescence of unequal-sized bubblesEnergy conversionNeck expansionPhotoelectrochemical water splittingShape oscillationSize effect

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Interfacial phenomena
  • Energy conversion

Background:

  • Spontaneous bubble detachment post-coalescence is key for efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting.
  • Unequal-sized bubble coalescence presents asymmetry, with size effects governing dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of size effects on bubble coalescence dynamics.
  • To explore non-invasive methods for guiding bubble coalescence using Marangoni convection.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Marangoni convection, inspired by photocatalyst photothermal effects, for non-invasive bubble coalescence guidance.
  • Investigated bubble coalescence dynamics in situ, focusing on size effects.

Main Results:

  • At low Ohnesorge (Oh) and high Reynolds numbers, inertia dominates neck expansion in unequal-sized bubbles.
  • A critical Oh predicts detachment based on surface energy, viscous dissipation, and adhesion.
  • Surface energy conversion to kinetic energy for detachment is <3% and inversely correlated with radius ratio.
  • Developed a model predicting detachment velocity using Oh and size mismatch.
  • Post-detachment bubble oscillation damping coefficient scales inversely with the square root of the smaller bubble radius.

Conclusions:

  • Bubble size mismatch critically affects detachment efficiency in PEC water splitting.
  • The developed models accurately predict bubble detachment and oscillation dynamics.