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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, or CMRI, is a non-invasive diagnostic test that employs a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to create precise images of the heart and arteries. It provides comprehensive information about cardiac anatomy, function, perfusion, and tissue characterization without ionizing radiation.IndicationsCMRI diagnoses various heart conditions, including tissue damage from heart attacks, ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, aortic issues (tears, aneurysms,...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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Noninvasive Assessment of Cardiac Abnormalities in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis by Magnetic Resonance Microscopy Imaging in the Mouse
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Cardiovascular Involvement in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: Evaluation Using Cardiovascular MR Imaging.

George Markousis-Mavrogenis1, George D Kitas2, Petros P Sfikakis3

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany; Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine and UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Chair in Adolescent Healthcare, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America
|April 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) causes one-third of deaths in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is an ideal noninvasive tool for diagnosing and monitoring various forms of CVD in ARD patients.

Keywords:
Coronary artery diseaseMyocarditisPericarditisSystemic inflammatory diseasesValvular heart disease

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Rheumatology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for a significant portion of mortality in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs).
  • CVD in ARDs encompasses a spectrum of conditions including coronary artery disease, inflammatory cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and valvular heart disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in the diagnosis and management of CVD in patients with ARDs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the utility of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) for evaluating cardiovascular complications in autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
  • Utilizing both established and novel parametric indices provided by CMR.

Main Results:

  • Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) offers comprehensive functional and tissue characterization, making it suitable for diagnosing and monitoring CVD in ARDs.
  • CMR provides essential data for assessing macro- and microvascular coronary artery disease, inflammatory cardiomyopathy, heart failure, valvular heart disease, and non-coronary vascular disease.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a powerful, noninvasive imaging modality for the cardiovascular evaluation of patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
  • CMR's capabilities support its role in the diagnosis and follow-up of diverse cardiovascular manifestations in ARDs.