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Nutrient patterns associated with depression: evidence from the CUME+ study.

João Vitor Moraes-Santos1, Josefina Bressan2, Adriano Marçal Pimenta3

  • 1Body Assessment and Cancer Research Group, Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition
|April 20, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dietary patterns influence depression risk. An anti-inflammatory diet may protect against depression, while an animal-origin diet could increase risk in normal-weight individuals. Promoting healthy eating is key for mental health.

Keywords:
Eating behaviordepressive disorderfactor analysisnutrition therapynutritional epidemiology

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Psychiatry
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Depression is a prevalent mental health disorder with complex etiologies.
  • Dietary factors are increasingly recognized for their role in mental well-being.
  • Understanding nutrient patterns associated with depression is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between nutrient patterns and depression.
  • To analyze dietary intake and self-reported depression in a university population.
  • To identify specific dietary patterns linked to depression risk or protection.

Main Methods:

  • Online questionnaire assessing sociodemographics, health data, and dietary intake.
  • Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify nutrient patterns.
  • Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression to assess associations with depression.

Main Results:

  • 13.2% of 7,617 participants reported a depression diagnosis.
  • An animal-origin nutrient pattern was positively associated with depression in normal-weight individuals (OR = 1.40).
  • An anti-inflammatory nutrient pattern showed a protective effect against depression in the overall sample (OR = 0.754) and subgroups.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary patterns significantly correlate with depression risk.
  • Promoting anti-inflammatory diets may aid in depression prevention and management.
  • Targeted dietary interventions could be a valuable strategy for mental health support.