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Cubosomes as Versatile Multifunctional Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery: A Comprehensive Review.

Avinash Tekade1, Ashutosh Shewale1, H N Shivakumar2

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Cubosomes (QBS) are advanced nanocarriers with a unique cubic structure for effective drug delivery. These lipid-based systems offer high loading capacity, biocompatibility, and controlled release for various administration routes.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology and Materials Science
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Cubosomes (QBS) are self-assembling nanostructured lipid carriers with a bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline internal architecture.
  • Their honeycomb-like morphology facilitates simultaneous encapsulation of hydrophilic, lipophilic, and amphiphilic compounds.
  • QBS are primarily composed of amphiphilic lipids like Glyceryl Monooleate (GMO) and stabilized by surfactants such as Pluronic F-127.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the fabrication, characterization, and drug delivery potential of cubosomes.
  • To highlight QBS as a versatile platform for sustained and targeted drug delivery.
  • To evaluate the physicochemical properties, stability, and cytocompatibility of QBS.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication via top-down (e.g., homogenization, sonication) and bottom-up (e.g., hydrotrope technique, solvent evaporation) strategies.
  • Characterization using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM).
  • Evaluation of stability and cytocompatibility via Zeta potential and MTT assays; assessment of drug delivery via in vitro and ex vivo studies.

Main Results:

  • QBS exhibit superior biocompatibility, structural integrity, and long-term colloidal stability.
  • Physicochemical properties are tunable based on lipid-to-stabilizer ratios, solvent composition, and processing parameters.
  • Demonstrated potential for high drug-loading, controlled release, and effective permeation across various administration routes.

Conclusions:

  • Cubosomes represent a promising class of lyotropic liquid-crystalline nanocarriers for advanced drug delivery.
  • Their unique nanostructure and composition enable targeted and sustained release profiles.
  • QBS offer a versatile, next-generation platform for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.