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Updated: Apr 21, 2026

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
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Inpatient Food Insecurity and Pediatric Hematology Oncology Hospitalization Outcomes.

Joanna M Robles1,2, Greg Russell3, Leila H DeWitt1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.

Pediatric Blood & Cancer
|April 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Inpatient food insecurity (IFI) affects children with cancer, leading to longer hospital stays and increased readmission risks. Addressing IFI is crucial for improving outcomes in pediatric oncology patients.

Keywords:
food insecurityhealthcare utilizationhealth‐related social needshospitalizationshousehold material hardship

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology Oncology
  • Social Determinants of Health
  • Healthcare Disparities

Background:

  • Children with cancer and blood disorders face significant risks of food insecurity.
  • Inpatient food insecurity (IFI) is a specific challenge within this vulnerable population.
  • Understanding IFI's impact is essential for comprehensive patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between inpatient food insecurity (IFI) and hospitalization outcomes.
  • To determine if IFI impacts length of stay and readmission rates in pediatric hematology oncology patients.
  • To highlight IFI as a distinct social risk factor.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of 325 caregivers for inpatient food insecurity (IFI).
  • Analysis of hospitalization outcomes, including length of stay and readmission rates.
  • Statistical evaluation of the association between IFI and identified outcomes.

Main Results:

  • 18.6% of caregivers screened positive for IFI, with many not experiencing general household food insecurity.
  • IFI was linked to a 33% longer mean length of stay (3.9 vs. 2.6 days, p < 0.0001).
  • Patients with IFI had 1.4 times higher odds of readmission (95% CI = 0.9-2.2, p = 0.1).

Conclusions:

  • Inpatient food insecurity (IFI) is a significant issue in pediatric cancer and blood disorder care.
  • IFI is associated with poorer hospitalization outcomes, including extended stays and higher readmission rates.
  • IFI should be recognized and addressed as a critical social risk factor in this patient population.