Awareness About Keratoconus and Its Relation With Eye Rubbing: A Cross-Sectional Study in Riyadh

Keratoconus is a progressive eye disease affecting the cornea, the clear dome- shaped structure at the front of the eye. In keratoconus, the cornea thins and bulges outward into a cone shape, leading to loss of visual acuity. The aetiology of keratoconus remains unclear, but it involves both genetic and environmental factors. Eye rubbing is a well-established risk factor for keratoconus. Previous studies in Saudi Arabia highlighted a concerning lack of awareness about keratoconus among the general population.

This study aimed to assess the awareness of keratoconus and its relationship with eye rubbing among the population in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

A cross-sectional study was performed in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, involving 341 participants using an online pre-designed questionnaire from August to September 2024.

A total of 341 participants completed the questionnaire. Participant age ranged from 18 to > 60 years. More than half of the participants (n = 215; 63%) were female. Regarding the overall awareness about keratoconus, 102 participants (29.9%) demonstrated a good awareness level; the most common source of information reported was social media (20%). Notably, 276 participants (81%) reported rubbing their eyes because of allergies (8%), headache or fatigue (28%), and itching (58%).

The present study in Riyadh indicated that many participants had a poor awareness of keratoconus and its potential relationship with eye rubbing. It is essential to enhance public awareness through health education programmes.