Changes in women's subjective health perceptions through online balance ball lessons: a qualitative study

Objective: The balance ball is an exercise suitable for beginners; it incorporates diverse elements such as aerobic and anaerobic exercise, stretching, and balance training, with easily adjustable intensity and difficulty. Under instructor guidance, it can be practiced safely and effectively within a short period. Furthermore, online formats allow participation from home, making them suitable for busy women to establish exercise habits. Previous research on the effects of balance ball lessons has primarily focused on improvements in physical and cognitive functions, with little attention paid to the holistic effects. This study aimed to clarify the impact of online balance ball lessons on women's subjective health perceptions. Participants and Methods: This study involved 21 working women aged 31-67 years who participated in online lessons conducted by a balance ball instructor. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in groups of 3-6 participants, each lasting approximately 60 minutes, and utilized SNS chat functions. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Regarding physical health, participants found that "anyone can continue" with the balance ball once they learn the "basic posture". Continuation led to a sense of "maintaining weight and body shape" and "improved physical fitness", contributing to health management. Psychologically, "changes in awareness of body shape" were observed. The refreshing effect provided "mental healing" and enhanced "subjective well-being". Socially, the online lessons facilitated the building of "new connections" outside work. Conclusion: Online balance ball lessons holistically enhanced the subjective health perceptions of the participating women from physical, psychological, and social perspectives. This could be a new option for holistic health promotion in future community health support and health promotion initiatives.