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Updated: Apr 21, 2026
Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Published on: April 10, 2018
Gadolinium-Enhanced Bismuth Cathode for High-Performance CO2-to-Formate Conversion Across Electrochemical and
Cunxin Hu1, Siting Zheng1, Wei Han1
1Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
Abstract:
Electrocatalytic CO2 conversion to formate represents a crucial pathway for carbon cycling and renewable energy storage, yet catalysts exhibiting high activity, selectivity, and stability remain elusive. This study employs a rare-earth-regulated strategy to construct a carbon-encapsulated gadolinium-doped bismuth catalyst (Gd-Bi@C) via a one-step hydrothermal process. In a flow cell, this catalyst achieved a formate Faradaic efficiency of 95.58% at -1.1 V versus RHE and operated stably for over 170 h at current densities exceeding 400 mA cm-2. In situ characterization confirmed that gadolinium doping optimized the electronic structure of bismuth, promoting the formation of the *OCHO intermediate while suppressing hydrogen evolution. Furthermore, Gd-Bi@C demonstrates exceptional cross-system applicability: achieving a peak power density of 2.166 mW cm-2 in a Zn-CO2 battery and sustaining a current density of 12.40 ± 2.20 A m-2 in a microbial electrolysis coupled CO2 reduction system (MEC-CO2). This work bridges electrochemical and bioelectrochemical CO2 conversion systems using a single rare-earth-modified catalyst, providing an integrated material platform for multi-scenario carbon utilization and energy storage.
