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Related Concept Videos

Voltammetric Techniques: Cyclic Voltammetry01:10

Voltammetric Techniques: Cyclic Voltammetry

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Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is an electrochemical technique used to investigate the redox properties of a chemical species. It involves measuring the current response of an electrochemical cell as a function of the applied potential. The setup for cyclic voltammetry typically consists of a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode—all immersed in an electrolyte solution. The working electrode is where the redox reaction of interest occurs, while the reference electrode...
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Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:17

Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

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The stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions is strongly influenced by the orbital symmetry of the polyene HOMO. Under thermal conditions, the reaction proceeds via the ground-state HOMO.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
1.6K
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

2.1K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
2.1K
Voltammetry: Factors Affecting Measurements01:21

Voltammetry: Factors Affecting Measurements

730
A current produced due to the redox reactions of the analyte at the working and auxiliary electrodes is called a faradaic current. The reaction can be divided into two types. The current generated due to the reduction of the analyte is called cathodic current, and it carries a positive charge. In contrast, the current produced by analyte oxidation is known as an anodic current, and it has a negative charge. The applied potential at the working electrode determines the faradaic current flow, and...
730
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

1.4K
The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
1.4K
Voltammetry: Stripping Methods01:13

Voltammetry: Stripping Methods

1.3K
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV), Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (CSV), and Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry (AdSV) are electrochemical techniques used to determine trace amounts of analytes in solution. These methods involve applying a potential to an electrode and measuring the resulting current.
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV)
ASV is used to determine metals and metalloids at trace levels. It involves two steps: deposition and stripping. First, a negative potential is applied to the...
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Using Cyclic Voltammetry, UV-Vis-NIR, and EPR Spectroelectrochemistry to Analyze Organic Compounds
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Cyclic Voltammetry on Rutile IrO2(110): Effects and Origin of Lateral Interactions.

Masao Suzuki Shibata1, Yuta Kataoka1, Ryosuke Jinnouchi1

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Iridium oxide is a key catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic environments.
  • The broad redox peak observed in cyclic voltammetry (CV) for iridium oxide is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origin of the broad redox peak in cyclic voltammetry (CV) for rutile IrO2(110).
  • To understand the electrochemical characteristics of iridium oxide catalysts.

Main Methods:

  • Density functional theory (DFT)-based microkinetic modeling.
  • Atomistic modeling of electrocatalytic processes.

Main Results:

  • The microkinetic model successfully reproduced the broad CV peak around 1.1 V vs. RHE.
  • The broad peak is attributed to OH*/O* redox transitions at bridge (μ2) sites, influenced by strong lateral interactions.
  • Oxygen (O*) at top (μ1) sites was identified as a crucial OER precursor.

Conclusions:

  • Strong lateral interactions significantly influence electrochemical properties on metal oxide electrodes.
  • Incorporating lateral interactions into atomistic models is vital for interpreting electrocatalytic processes.