Single-Atom Photocatalytic Conversion of Biomass Into High-Value Chemicals

The complex chemical bonds (C-C and C-O) and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups of biomass pose challenges in the process of high-value conversion, including low selectivity and unknown catalytic mechanisms. With the advancement of materials science, single-atom photocatalysts, which are anchored with isolated atoms on semiconductors, have attracted considerable attention due to their structural controllability, high atomic utilization, excellent catalytic activity, preeminent selectivity, and superior stability. Recently, single-atom catalysts have efficiently converted biomass into high-value-added fine chemicals and fuels under mild photocatalytic conditions. In this concept, we review the latest advancements in the field of single-atom photocatalytic valorization and upgrading of biomass, focusing on the design, preparation, and characterization of single-atom photocatalysts, as well as their catalytic mechanisms. Finally, the challenges and development opportunities are summarized, aiming to promote the production of biomass-based high-value products and provide in-depth guidance on establishing photocatalytic systems.