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Risk Assessment, Cross-Resistance Pattern of Broflanilide with Other Insecticides, and CYP6B42 Linked to the
Congai Zhen1, Mengfan Hu1, Yuhao Cai2
1Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Abstract:
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a highly destructive pest in agriculture. Broflanilide, specifically designed to target the GABA receptors in insects, is effective against various Lepidoptera pests, including FAW. However, the patterns of cross-resistance between broflanilide and other insecticides, especially the underlying molecular mechanisms behind cross-resistance, remain unclear. In this study, a broflanilide-resistant strain of S. frugiperda (F24) was established after 24 generations of continuous selection in the laboratory with a resistance ratio of 4.04-fold. The cross-resistance ratio of broflanilide was found to be 2.95-fold for lambda-cyhalothrin and 2.82-fold for cyproflanilide in the F24 generation. Additionally, an apparent antagonistic effect was observed when broflanilide was mixed with a lambda-cyhalothrin mixture at all volume ratios. Moreover, qPCR combined with CRISPR-Cas9 showed that the gene SfCYP6B42 partially contributed to the cross-resistance between broflanilide and lambda-cyhalothrin, which first elucidated the cross-resistance mechanism between broflanilide and lambda-cyhalothrin.
