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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
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Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach

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Toward real-time protein profiling in biofluids using discriminative Raman spectral markers.

Kadambari Jandhyala1, Priyanka Dey1,2

  • 1School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK.

The Analyst
|April 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Label-free Raman spectroscopy successfully distinguishes albumins and globulins in liquid biopsies. A phenylalanine-to-tyrosine spectral marker shows potential for non-invasive protein analysis in diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophotonics
  • Spectroscopy
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Simultaneous protein analysis in liquid biopsies is crucial for disease diagnosis but challenging due to protein similarity.
  • Mass spectrometry and immunoassays are common, but label-free Raman spectroscopy offers a rapid, non-invasive alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate label-free Raman spectroscopy's ability to discriminate clinically relevant proteins (albumins and globulins) in complex biological matrices.
  • To identify a robust Raman spectral marker for multiplexed protein analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized label-free Raman spectroscopy to analyze single, binary, and tertiary mixtures of human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and γ-globulin.
  • Analyzed protein mixtures in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), artificial urine, and human serum.
  • Calculated the intensity ratio of phenylalanine (622 cm-1) and tyrosine (643 cm-1) bands (I622/I643) as a spectral marker.
  • Performed statistical validation using two-tailed Welch's t-tests.

Main Results:

  • Reliably distinguished albumins (HSA, BSA) from γ-globulin in various mixtures and concentrations.
  • Identified the I622/I643 ratio as a consistent marker differentiating albumin-rich from globulin-dominant samples.
  • Observed strong matrix dependence, with significant discrimination in artificial urine and preserved significance in serum.
  • Demonstrated the potential for distinguishing proteins with high structural similarity without Raman enhancement.

Conclusions:

  • The I622/I643 ratio serves as a quantitative Raman spectral marker for multiplexed protein analysis.
  • Label-free Raman spectroscopy shows translational potential for liquid biopsy-based diagnostics.
  • The phenylalanine-to-tyrosine ratio is a relevant biomarker for disease states.