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Enhanced Intestinal Absorption of Proteins via a Natural Metabolite-Based Deep Eutectic System
Simiao Di1,2,3, Jie Luo1,2,3, Yongqiang Lian1,2,3
1State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China.
None:
A natural metabolite-based deep eutectic system composed of betaine and lactic acid (BL-DES) was developed as a food-grade strategy to enhance intestinal absorption of proteins. Insulin was selected as a model protein for convenient and reliable assessment of intestinal absorption. BL-DES reduced the viscosity of simulated intestinal mucus and increased insulin permeability through the mucus layer. Jejunal administration of insulin@BL-DES showed a significant hypoglycemic effect. Hematological, cellular, and histological evaluations confirmed the favorable biocompatibility of BL-DES. Mechanistic investigations revealed that BL-DES promotes paracellular transport through reversible opening of tight junctions.
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