BAT-derived miR-378a-3p facilitates endothelial angiogenic function and promotes wound healing

Interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT), one of the most vascularized tissues in the body, exemplifies the intricate crosstalk between the vascular system and adipocytes. BAT is known to secrete abundant exosomes into circulation, and exosomes are known to play a key role in vascular remodeling and cell migration. However, whether BAT-derived exosomes (BATexos) modulate peripheral vasculature remains unclear. Here, we report that BATexos promoted peripheral angiogenesis and vascular repair. Among their cargo, miR-378a-3p was highly enriched and identified as a key mediator of endothelial angiogenic function. The overexpression of miR-378a-3p in endothelial cells substantially promoted cell migration and tube formation. Conversely, inhibition of exosome secretion from BAT impaired vascular repair and delayed wound healing. Mechanistically, miR-378a-3p directly targeted the phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten), thereby activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Liposomes encapsulating miR-378 mimics promoted angiogenesis and accelerated wound healing in a diabetic mouse model. Collectively, this study uncovers BAT-derived miR-378a-3p as a key regulator of vessel regeneration and tissue repair after injury, offering therapeutic potential for treating vascular complications in metabolic disease.