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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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H19 long noncoding RNA in maternal obesity-driven metabolic programming.

Sharmeen Islam1, Min Du1

  • 1Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.

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|April 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal obesity negatively impacts offspring development and metabolic health. Early pregnancy metformin intervention may protect against these effects by regulating placental H19 expression.

Keywords:
H19 lncRNAfibrosisimprintingmaternal obesitymetforminmuscle

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A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta
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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Metabolic disease research

Background:

  • Maternal obesity during pregnancy is linked to adverse offspring outcomes.
  • Obesity disrupts embryonic development, muscle formation, and metabolic regulation.
  • Altered H19 gene expression is implicated in these developmental disruptions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of maternal obesity on H19 expression and offspring development.
  • To examine the potential of metformin as an intervention during early pregnancy.
  • To understand the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and epigenetics in mediating these effects.

Main Methods:

  • Maternal obesity models were established.
  • H19 expression levels were analyzed in placental and embryonic tissues.
  • Offspring development, muscle formation, and metabolic parameters were assessed.
  • Metformin treatment effects were evaluated, including AMPK activation and epigenetic modifications.

Main Results:

  • Maternal obesity led to altered H19 expression and impaired embryonic development.
  • Offspring exhibited signs of muscle development issues, fibrogenesis, and metabolic dysfunction.
  • Metformin treatment in early pregnancy modulated placental H19 expression.
  • Metformin intervention positively influenced offspring metabolic health, potentially via AMPK and epigenetic pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal obesity poses significant risks to offspring development and long-term metabolic health.
  • Early pregnancy metformin administration shows promise in mitigating adverse effects.
  • Targeting placental H19 expression through AMPK and epigenetic mechanisms is a potential therapeutic strategy.