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Flash Infrared Annealing for Perovskite Solar Cell Processing
Published on: February 3, 2021
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Ambient-compatible precursor engineering for efficient perovskite photovoltaics
Sanwan Liu1, Xin Liang1, Shaun Tan2
1School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea.
Nature Communications
|April 21, 2026
Summary
This study introduces a new air-processing method for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate (BMIT). This approach enhances environmental tolerance and stability, leading to high-efficiency devices.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Renewable Energy
- Photovoltaics
Background:
- Commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is hindered by their sensitivity to ambient moisture and oxygen during fabrication.
- Perovskite precursor and film formation processes require controlled environments, limiting scalability and cost-effectiveness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a robust air-processing strategy for high-efficiency inverted PSCs.
- To enhance the environmental tolerance of perovskite precursors and improve film formation under ambient conditions.
- To achieve high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and operational stability in PSCs.
Main Methods:
- Incorporation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate (BMIT) into perovskite precursor solutions.
- Investigation of BMIT's effect on inhibiting iodide oxidation and facilitating stable film formation.
- Analysis of BMIT's role in suppressing Pb-I aggregation, mitigating colloidal clustering, and modulating nucleation kinetics.
- Fabrication and characterization of inverted PSCs with varied bandgaps (1.51, 1.54, and 1.68 eV).
Main Results:
- BMIT enhanced environmental tolerance of perovskite precursors across a wide humidity range (20-60%).
- BMIT facilitated the formation of dense, highly crystalline perovskite films with excellent reproducibility.
- Achieved high PCEs for devices with varied bandgaps, including a certified 26.48% PCE for a 1.54-eV cell with an 85.00% fill factor.
- Demonstrated remarkable operational stability, retaining 96% of initial PCE after 1,400 hours of continuous 1-sun operation in ambient air.
Conclusions:
- The developed air-processing strategy using BMIT is effective for fabricating high-efficiency and stable PSCs.
- BMIT incorporation offers a promising solution for overcoming environmental challenges in PSC manufacturing.
- This advancement paves the way for the commercialization of robust and efficient perovskite solar technology.
