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Domain-general demands that deactivate multiple-demand regions
Tamer Gezici1,2,3, Elif Oymagil1,2,3, Adem Yazici3,4
1Department of Neuroscience, Bilkent University, Universiteler Mahallesi, 1606. Cadde, Çankaya, Ankara 06800, Turkiye.
Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|April 22, 2026
Summary
Initiating complex task programs involves a unique cognitive demand, distinct from task execution. This initial program instatement deactivates brain regions, unlike the activation seen during task performance.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Neuroscience
- Neuroimaging
- Human Psychology
Background:
- Multiple-demand regions are activated during difficult tasks, suggesting domain-general demands.
- Temporally structured tasks involve complex, goal-directed programs initiated at the episode's start.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the cognitive demands associated with initiating complex task programs versus executing them.
- To differentiate the neural and psychophysiological signatures of program instatement and task execution.
Main Methods:
- Utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) across four experiments with varied task designs.
- Employed pupil diameter measurements in a fifth experiment to assess psychophysiological responses.
- Analyzed brain activity and physiological responses during program instatement and task execution phases.
Main Results:
- Program instatement deactivated widespread brain regions, including multiple-demand areas.
- Task execution, in contrast, activated these same multiple-demand regions.
- Pupil diameter decreased during program instatement, contrasting with increases during control processes.
Conclusions:
- Initiating overarching task programs represents a distinct cognitive demand separate from ongoing task control.
- This initial demand involves a unique neural signature characterized by widespread deactivation.
- The findings highlight a critical distinction between cognitive processes involved in task initiation and execution.
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