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Synergistic Dual-Interface Engineering of Anode and Cathode Enabling High-Performance Seawater-Based Zn-Halogen

Fuyu Xiao1, Hui Lin1, Lingxing Zeng1,2

  • 1Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resources, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.

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This study enhances seawater zinc-halogen batteries (SZHBs) by modifying dual interfaces. This strategy improves anode and cathode performance, enabling stable, high-capacity energy storage in seawater electrolytes.

Keywords:
Ah‐scale pouch celldual‐interface modificationhybrid interface layerseawaterzinc‐halide batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Seawater zinc-halogen batteries (SZHBs) face challenges including water-related side reactions, anode corrosion, and cathode issues like polyhaline shuttle and sluggish kinetics.
  • Existing SZHBs suffer from anode pitting corrosion due to chloride ions and cathode instability from polyhaline species and I+ hydrolysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a dual-interface modification strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of SZHBs.
  • To address anode and cathode limitations in SZHBs for improved stability and energy density.

Main Methods:

  • An organic-inorganic hybrid solid electrolyte interphase was formed at the anode to prevent water and Cl- contact and ensure uniform Zn2+ deposition.
  • Cathode performance was improved by modulating triiodide (I3-) shuttling and conversion using electrostatic forces from additives.
  • Lewis base sites and multi-site hydrogen bonds were employed to regulate I+ and water activity, inhibiting I+ hydrolysis.

Main Results:

  • Modified Zn||I2 pouch cells achieved a high average capacity of 1.545 Ah over 250 cycles in aqueous electrolyte and 120 cycles in seawater.
  • The dual-interface modification strategy significantly enhanced the energy density to 249 Wh kg-1 (based on cathode material).
  • Electrochemical performance of Zn-bromine batteries was notably improved in the modified seawater electrolyte.

Conclusions:

  • The dual-interface modification strategy effectively overcomes key limitations in SZHBs, leading to improved stability and electrochemical performance.
  • This research demonstrates the potential for practical application of SZHBs by achieving Ah-level pouch cells.
  • The developed strategy offers a new pathway for advancing seawater battery technology.