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Canine Maxillofacial Parosteal Osteosarcoma: A Retrospective Case Evaluation in 10 Dogs
Geneva Kernaghan1, Jessica Johnson1, Randi Gold2,3
1Veterinary Dentistry and Oral Surgery of North Texas, Flower Mound, TX, USA.
Journal of Veterinary Dentistry
|April 22, 2026
Summary
Parosteal osteosarcoma (OSA) in dogs affects maxillofacial bones, often originating in the maxilla or zygoma. Early diagnosis and collaboration between oral surgeons and pathologists improve outcomes for this slow-growing bone cancer.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Oncology
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Comparative Pathology
Background:
- Parosteal osteosarcoma (OSA) is a slow-growing surface tumor with a better prognosis than central OSA.
- Canine parosteal OSA frequently affects the skull, particularly the zygoma, maxilla, and mandible, posing surgical challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize clinical and radiographic features of canine maxillofacial parosteal OSA.
- To improve diagnostic accuracy and establish treatment recommendations for this condition.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of ten cases of canine parosteal OSA affecting maxillofacial bones.
- Analysis of clinical signs, radiographic findings, histopathology, and survival data.
Main Results:
- The caudal maxilla and/or zygoma were the most common sites of origin (50%).
- Exophthalmos was a significant clinical sign in 40% of cases.
- Median survival time was 14 months, with a one-year survival rate of 60%; lung metastasis was suspected in three cases.
Conclusions:
- Accurate histopathological diagnosis relies heavily on diagnostic imaging.
- Collaboration between oral surgeons and pathologists is crucial for surgical planning and patient management.
- Identifying key features aids in early recognition and treatment of canine maxillofacial parosteal OSA.
