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Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Patient-derived Orthotopic Xenograft Models for Human Urothelial Cell Carcinoma and Colorectal Cancer Tumor Growth and Spontaneous Metastasis
Published on: May 12, 2019
Johanna Smielowski1, Maximilian Glienke2, Sherif Mehralivand3
1Urologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
Digital twins offer a new path for precision medicine in uro-oncology by integrating patient data for dynamic risk assessment and treatment planning. Advancing this technology requires robust data integration and regulatory frameworks for clinical use.
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