Path Analysis Results on Bone Markers That Influence Accelerated Bone Remodeling: An Experimental Study

We examined the effectiveness of combining nanochitosan Black Soldier Fly (BSF) pupae and demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) for accelerated bone remodeling by path analysis of osteoblasts, OPG, osteocalcin (OCN), osteoclasts, and RANKL.

Laboratory research using eighteen samples of male guinea pigs that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the lower left incisor teeth were extracted, then taken randomly and divided into a control group (C), which applied polyethylene glycol (PEG) gel as a placebo and sutured with nonabsorbable silk, and a treatment group (T) applied a combination of nanochitosan BSF pupae and DDM gel, then sutured with nonabsorbable silk. Samples were euthanized on days 7, 14, and 21 to examine osteoblasts, OPG, OCN, osteoclasts, and RANKL. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). Pathway analysis was performed using a goodness-of-fit model and effect size, testing the hypothesis that OPG has a direct and dominant influence on RANKL and OCN, resulting in increased osteoblasts and decreased osteoclasts.

There was a decrease in the number of osteoclasts, RANKL expression, and an increase in the number of osteoblasts, OPG, and OCN expression between the C and T groups. One-way ANOVA analysis showed a significant difference (0.000) (p < 0.05). The pathway analysis that contributed most significantly in reducing osteoclasts and increasing osteoblasts, thereby accelerating bone remodeling, was OPG affecting OCN (0.952), rather than OPG affecting the RANKL pathway (-0.001).

The combination of nanochitosan BSF pupae and DDM has a maximum impact on bone remodeling, so that it can be used as an alternative bone graft material for socket healing treatment and accelerating alveolar bone regeneration.