Epidemiology and determinants of bee stings in Tocantins

Bees form a diverse group that with approximately 3,000 native species in Brazil. This study investigated the associations between bee, particularly Africanized honey bees, stings and environmental, social, and epidemiological factors in the state of Tocantins, using a retrospective, quantitative approach. We analyzed data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) from 2012 to 2022. During this period, Tocantins recorded the highest incidence of bee Apis mellifera stings in the country, with 275.8 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. This elevated incidence was associated with agricultural expansion and climatic conditions, with stings occurring more frequently during periods of high temperatures. Most cases were classified as mild (95.6%) and primarily affected men and individuals of mixed race, aged 15 to 59 years. Older adults showed the highest case-fatality rate. We conclude that bee stings in Tocantins follow patterns observed nationwide and are linked to environmental and social factors.