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Modelling ruminant grazing systems based on native grasslands. 1. Model description and evaluation of the herbage

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Summary

This study introduces the PASpALuM model for sustainable grassland livestock farming in the Pampas. The model accurately simulates herbage dynamics, supporting ecological intensification and informed grazing management decisions.

Keywords:
AgroecologyCow-calf systemsEcological intensificationPampas–Campos regionProcess-based simulations

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Sustainable intensification of grassland livestock farms is crucial for beef production and ecosystem services in the Pampas.
  • Existing grazing models struggle with generality and realism in heterogeneous, multispecies systems, limiting their ability to simulate complex farm dynamics.
  • The farm-scale PAmpa Sustainable grAzing Livestock Management (PASpALuM) model was developed to address these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the PASpALuM model, focusing on its herbage dynamics module.
  • To evaluate the accuracy and performance of the PASpALuM herbage dynamics module using experimental and on-farm data.
  • To assess the model's suitability for supporting farm-context-specific adjustments and redesign plans for sustainable grazing management.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the farm-scale PASpALuM model, utilizing herbage height as the key state variable.
  • Evaluated the herbage dynamics module with 2-year experimental and 3-year on-farm datasets under contrasting conditions.
  • Performed mean squared deviation decomposition and sensitivity analyses to assess model performance and identify key drivers.

Main Results:

  • The PASpALuM herbage dynamics module demonstrated good to very good performance, with modeling efficiency ranging from 0.6 to 0.8.
  • RMSE values for herbage accumulation rate, mass, and height were within acceptable ranges for both experimental and on-farm datasets.
  • Model performance was stronger in autumn and spring, with error structure dominated by lack of correlation, reflecting natural grassland variability.

Conclusions:

  • The PASpALuM model accurately simulates herbage dynamics, providing a valuable framework for quantifying the effects of different management strategies.
  • The model's accuracy supports its use in comparing grazing strategies to enhance herbage height and allowance under various climate scenarios.
  • PASpALuM can aid seasonal grazing management planning at both farm and policy levels, contributing to sustainable livestock farming in the Pampas region.