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Image memorability facilitates visual working memory formation: Evidence from contralateral delay activity.

Chaoxiong Ye1, Qianru Xu1, Qiang Liu2

  • 1School of Education, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, China; Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland.

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|April 22, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Image memorability enhances visual working memory (VWM) formation by strengthening early neural representations, not by increasing the total information retained. This effect is cross-culturally generalizable.

Keywords:
Contralateral delay activityFormationMemorabilityVisual working memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Image memorability, a stimulus-driven property, influences memory consistency across individuals.
  • While known to benefit long-term memory, its impact on visual working memory (VWM) is less understood.
  • Behavioral measures alone cannot distinguish memorability's effects on VWM formation versus test-phase processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate when image memorability influences VWM.
  • To differentiate between memorability's effects on VWM encoding versus retention.
  • To explore the neural mechanisms underlying memorability's impact on VWM.

Main Methods:

  • Combined a lateralized change-detection task with scalp electroencephalography (EEG).
  • Measured contralateral delay activity (CDA) as an index of VWM retention during the retention interval.
  • Analyzed EEG data to assess neural activity related to high and low image memorability stimuli.

Main Results:

  • Replicated the behavioral benefit of image memorability on VWM performance.
  • Found that memorability modulated CDA amplitude during an early retention period, not later.
  • Early CDA amplitude variations predicted task performance, demonstrating cross-cultural generalizability.

Conclusions:

  • Image memorability enhances VWM by strengthening the early formation of neural representations.
  • The influence of memorability is transient, affecting the formation stage rather than the total capacity of VWM.
  • Memorability shapes the process of VWM formation, not the ultimate amount of information held.