Early Detection of Gallbladder and Biliary Malignancy

Gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma are aggressive biliary malignancies with poor prognoses, due to their insidious onset and late-stage diagnosis. Early detection is critical for improving survival outcomes yet remains challenging as early disease lacks specific symptoms and can mimic benign conditions. This article highlights the importance of risk stratification and multimodality imaging in the early identification of these cancers. Emerging strategies integrating artificial intelligence and deep learning models show promise in augmenting diagnostic accuracy. A multidisciplinary approach combining risk-based surveillance, standardized high-quality imaging, and novel diagnostic technologies is essential to bridge the gap in early detection and improve patient outcomes.