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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Engineering Fibrin-based Tissue Constructs from Myofibroblasts and Application of Constraints and Strain to Induce Cell and Collagen Reorganization
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Mechanically Spatio-Chimeric Fibrin Assembly Enables Vascular-Integrated Muscle Reconstruction for Volumetric Muscle

Su Hyun Jung1, Minjun Kim2, Da-Yoon Kim1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|April 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered muscle grafts using SPARC technology restore function after severe volumetric muscle loss. This biofabrication strategy promotes muscle regeneration and vascularization for enhanced motor recovery.

Keywords:
anisotropic 3D muscle scaffoldsmechanically bimodal hydrogel systemsshear‐driven fibrin assemblyvascular‐integrated muscle graftvolumetric muscle loss repair

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Volumetric muscle loss (VML) involves irreversible loss of muscle tissue and vasculature, hindering clinical muscle graft development.
  • Functional restoration requires engineered constructs that rebuild contractile and vascular components for host integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce SPARC (spatio-chimeric, plasma-based, anisotropic, and shear-responsive construct), a novel hydrogel for VML repair.
  • To engineer a mechanically bimodal fibrin hydrogel mimicking native muscle's structural and mechanical heterogeneity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized controlled microfluidic shear to create aligned fibrillar bundles and graded stiffness in fibrin hydrogels.
  • Engineered SPARC constructs with stiff regions favoring myogenic differentiation and compliant regions promoting endothelial morphogenesis.
  • Co-cultured myoblasts and endothelial cells within the anisotropic matrix for spatially organized development.

Main Results:

  • SPARC hydrogels successfully directed spatially organized myogenic maturation and endothelial morphogenesis.
  • In vivo evaluation in a murine VML model demonstrated restoration of muscle architecture and function.
  • SPARC grafts promoted neovascularization, myofiber regeneration, and enhanced motor recovery.

Conclusions:

  • SPARC's spatially mechano-programmed design enables coordinated myogenic and endothelial organization within a single construct.
  • This represents a scalable biofabrication strategy for effective functional repair of extensive muscle defects.