Association Between Visceral Adipose Tissue and Depression Risk With Both Observational and Genetic Evidence

Previous studies have demonstrated a link between visceral obesity and depression. Nevertheless, there is a lack of sufficient studies examining the relationship between visceral adipose tissue volume (VATV) and depression, particularly concerning the combined influence of physical activity on this connection.

The study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles spanning 2011-2018. A total of 7460 individuals aged between 20 and 59 years were included. VATV was evaluated using either dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry or magnetic resonance imaging. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to investigate the relationship between VATV and depression. Mendelian randomization analysis was carried out to examine potential causal relationships.

In the fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression model, a significant positive association was found between VATV and depression (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.07). Lower VATV levels combined with effective physical activity significantly reduced depression prevalence. Mendelian randomization analysis identified a causal relationship between VATV and depression.

Our study highlights a positive association between visceral fat and depression. Furthermore, participants who regularly engage in physical activity and have low VATV levels are more strongly associated with a reduced prevalence of depression. Importantly, the causal association between them was confirmed. These findings underscore the potential of managing visceral fat to prevent depression.