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Updated: Apr 24, 2026

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Developing a Clinical Leadership Competency Framework for Surgical Residents: A Qualitative Study.

Elham Ramezanpour1, Leila Sadati2, Zohreh Sohrabi1

  • 1Center for Educational Research in Medical Sciences (CERMS), Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran
|April 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a clinical leadership competency framework for surgical residents. The framework integrates technical skills, team management, and organizational optimization to enhance healthcare performance and patient care.

Keywords:
Clinical LeadershipCompetencyMedical EducationSurgeonSurgerySurgical Residents

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Training
  • Leadership Studies

Background:

  • Competency-based medical education (CBME) prepares students for essential needs.
  • Clinical leadership is a fundamental competency for physicians and high-quality healthcare.
  • Surgical residents require specific leadership skills for effective practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a clinical leadership competency framework for surgical residents.
  • To tailor leadership competencies to the unique demands of surgical practice.
  • To enhance the training of future surgical leaders.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative conventional content analysis.
  • Purposive sampling of surgical specialists.
  • Semi-structured interviews analyzed using inductive content analysis.

Main Results:

  • A framework with 3 overarching domains: Technical and Non-Technical Skills, Leadership and Management of Interprofessional Teams, and Organizational Optimization and Transformation.
  • The analysis yielded 121 codes, 26 subcategories, and 10 categories.
  • A comprehensive clinical leadership competency framework was established.

Conclusions:

  • The developed framework offers a structured approach for integrating clinical leadership into surgical residency.
  • This integration is vital for improving healthcare performance.
  • Enhanced leadership training can lead to better patient care outcomes.