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Integrating Core Stability into the Otago Program for Fall Prevention in Older Women: A Quasi-Experimental
Shiva Zarei1, Hooman Minoonejad1, Seyed Hamed Mousavi1
1Department of Sports Injury and Biomechanics, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran
|April 23, 2026
Summary
Adding core stability exercises to the Otago Exercise Program (OEP) significantly improved fall risk, balance, strength, and reduced fear of falling in older women. This integrated approach enhances fall prevention strategies for the elderly.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Exercise Physiology
- Rehabilitation Science
Background:
- Falls are a major cause of injury and mortality in the growing elderly population.
- Key modifiable risk factors for falls include poor balance, leg weakness, and fear of falling.
- The Otago Exercise Program (OEP) is known to reduce fall risk, while core training enhances stability, but their combined effects are not well-studied.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of a modified OEP incorporating core stability exercises.
- To assess changes in fall risk, static and dynamic balance, lower limb strength, and fear of falling.
- To compare the effects of the modified OEP with the original OEP and a control group in older women.
Main Methods:
- A quasi-experimental comparative study with 30 women aged 65-80 years, divided into three groups (modified OEP, original OEP, control).
- An 8-week intervention program with thrice-weekly sessions.
- Outcome measures included the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, 4-Stage Balance Test, 30-Second Sit-to-Stand test, and Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I).
Main Results:
- The modified OEP group demonstrated significant improvements in fall risk, balance, lower limb strength, and fear of falling compared to both the original OEP and control groups.
- The original OEP group also showed significant improvements over the control group across all measured variables.
- Statistical analysis revealed significant between-group differences (P < 0.001) with large effect sizes for the modified OEP.
Conclusions:
- Integrating core stability exercises into the OEP significantly enhances its effectiveness in improving fall risk factors for older women.
- This combined exercise approach offers a superior strategy for fall prevention compared to the OEP alone.
- The findings support the implementation of integrated exercise programs to mitigate fall-related harm in the elderly population.
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