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Progressive structural and functional change in horses: a conceptual framework for systemic equine

Maren Diehl1, Katharina Bader2

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Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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PubMed
Summary

This study introduces the Progressive Structural and Functional Change (PSF) framework to explain complex equine pathologies. It proposes that understanding systemic reorganization can improve horse performance, stability, and resilience.

Keywords:
equine biomechanicsfunctional anatomyhoof morphologylocomotionlumbosacral jointmusculoskeletal disordersrehabilitationsystemic pathology

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Area of Science:

  • Equine biomechanics and physiology
  • Veterinary rehabilitation and sports medicine
  • Animal locomotion and posture analysis

Background:

  • Many equine locomotor, postural, and behavioral issues lack a unified explanation, leading to fragmented, symptom-focused treatments.
  • Conditions like Topline Syndrome and Myofascial Dysfunction often result in reduced performance, stability, and resilience.
  • Current management strategies frequently fail to address the underlying systemic dysregulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose the Progressive Structural and Functional Change (PSF) framework as a systemic model for understanding equine pathologies.
  • To integrate fragmented clinical observations into a coherent pattern of structural and functional regulation or dysregulation.
  • To provide a basis for improved diagnostics, rehabilitation prioritization, and welfare-oriented veterinary care.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a concept-driven framework based on extensive applied field observations in horse training and rehabilitation.
  • Analysis of ten retrospectively documented case studies of horses across diverse breeds, ages, and training backgrounds.
  • Identification of functional inversion as a key mechanism driving pathological reorganization, characterized by specific physiological and morphological changes.

Main Results:

  • The PSF framework describes two trajectories: progressive loss (PSF-) driven by maladaptive reorganization and progressive gain (PSF+) representing physiological recovery.
  • Functional inversion, involving reversed force directions and altered load-transfer roles (e.g., open lumbosacral joint, hoof morphology changes), is identified as central to PSF-.
  • Restoring lumbosacral function, facilitating specific tension dynamics, and managing hoof morphology are suggested to promote a shift towards PSF+.

Conclusions:

  • The PSF framework offers a systemic explanation for previously disconnected equine pathologies.
  • It identifies measurable screening targets and aids practitioners in prioritizing rehabilitation strategies.
  • The framework generates falsifiable predictions for both practice-based application and scientific validation, enhancing equine welfare.